« Previous
Current Problems in Surgery
Volume 44, Issue 7
, Pages 396-482
, July 2007
Cancer of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
References
- . A review and update on cholangiocarcinoma. Oncology. 2004;66:167–179
- . Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct at its bifurcation within the porta hepatis (An unusual tumour with distinctive clinical and pathological features). Am J Med. 1965;38:241–256
- . Tumours of the gallbladder and bile ducts. In: Zinner MJ editors. Maingot’s Abdominal Operations. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1997;p. 1835–1854
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Surg Clin North Am. 1973;53:1203–1216
- Cholangiocarcinoma (A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors). Ann Surg. 1996;224:463–473discussion 473-5
- Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin. 2006;56:106–130
- . Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:1591–1602
- . Gallbladder cancer: lessons from a rare tumour. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:695–706
- . Number and size of stones in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones and gallbladder carcinoma. [comment] J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6:272–273author reply 273
- Natural history study of gallbladder cancer: a review of 36 years experience at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. Cancer. 1978;42:330–335
- Patients with gallstones develop gallbladder cancer at an earlier age. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005;14:381–385
- . Gallstones and risk of gallbladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985;75:77–80
- . Epidemiology of gallbladder cancer: a synthesis of recent data. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980;65:1209–1214
- Epidemiologic aspects of gallbladder cancer: a case-control study of the SEARCH Program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:1132–1138
- Gallstone growth, size, and risk of gallbladder cancer: an interracial study. Int J Epidemiol. 1989;18:50–54
- . Gallstone size and the risk of gallbladder cancer. JAMA. 1983;250:2323–2326
- Risk factors for gallbladder cancer (An international collaborative case-control study). [see comment] Cancer. 1995;76:1747–1756
- . Familial liver and gall bladder cancer: a nationwide epidemiological study from Sweden. Gut. 2003;52:592–596
- . Lifestyle, parity, menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of gallbladder cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003;12:269–272
- . Gallbladder and biliary tract carcinoma: a comprehensive update, part 1. Oncology (Huntington). 2004;18:889–896
- . Carcinoma in the porcelain gallbladder: a relationship revisited. Surgery. 2001;129:699–703
- Diagnosis and operative indications for polypoid lesions of the gallbladder. Arch Surg. 1988;123:26–29
- . Gallbladder cancer: the polyp-cancer sequence. Br J Surg. 1990;77:363–364
- Combined oral contraceptives and gallbladder cancer (The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives). Anonymous Int J Epidemiol. 1989;18:309–314
- . Smoking, alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer of the biliary tract; a population-based case-control study in The Netherlands. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1994;3:427–436
- . Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. [see comment] N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1625–1638
- . Obesity and cancer risk: a Danish record-linkage study. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A:344–350
- Association of chili pepper consumption, low socioeconomic status and longstanding gallstones with gallbladder cancer in a Chilean population. Int J Cancer. 2002;102:407–411[Erratum appears in Int J Cancer. 2003;104:798.]
- . Typhoid carriers among patients with gallstones are at increased risk for carcinoma of the gallbladder. [see comment] Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:784–787
- Carcinoma of the gallbladder–is it a sequel of typhoid?. Dig Dis Sci. 2000;45:900–903
- . Chronic typhoid carriage and carcinoma of the gallbladder. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1997;6:557–559
- Helicobacter pylori and the risk of benign and malignant biliary tract disease. [see comment] Cancer. 2002;95:1946–1953
- Association of gallbladder carcinoma and anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union. Gastroenterology. 1985;89:1258–1265
- Papillary carcinoma of the gallbladder and anomalous pancreatico-biliary junction (Report of three cases and review of the literature). Hepatogastroenterology. 2005;52:1034–1038
- . Cholecystectomy and changing mortality from gallbladder cancer. Lancet. 1981;2:187–189
- . Changing cholecystectomy rates since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:2653–2654
- . Epidemiology of gallbladder cancer and trends in cholecystectomy rates in Scotland, 1968-1998. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2080–2086
- . The recent decline in gallbladder cancer mortality in Europe. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003;12:265–267
- . Increasing gall-bladder cancer mortality rate during the last decade in Chile, a high-risk area. Int J Cancer. 1990;46:1131–1133
- . Cholangiocarcinoma. Lancet. 2005;366:1303–1314
- . The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24:115–125
- International variations in epidemiology of cancers of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Cancer Res. 1985;45:5165–5168
- . Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas. Cancer. 1995;75(1 Suppl):171–190
- Incidence and risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:523–526
- Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 1996;38:610–615
- . Risk factors and clinical presentation of hepatobiliary carcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case-control study. Hepatology. 1998;27:311–316
- Cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a multicenter case-control study. [see comment] Hepatology. 2000;31:7–11
- . Liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2002;89:962–970
- . Experimental investigation of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma induction in the Syrian hamster—pointers for control of the human disease. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2003;4:87–93
- Effects of dimethylnitrosamine on induction of cholangiocarcinoma in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected Syrian golden hamsters. Cancer Res. 1978;38(12):4634–4639
- Choledochal cyst disease (A changing pattern of presentation). Ann Surg. 1994;220:644–652
- . Surgical management and long-term follow-up of patients with choledochal cysts. Am J Surg. 1993;165:238–242
- . Thorotrast-induced liver neoplasia: a collective review. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;195:713–718
- Genome-wide allelotyping analysis reveals multiple sites of allelic loss in gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2001;61:3795–3800
- High resolution chromosome 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q allelotyping analysis in the pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2002;87:432–440
- Losses of heterozygosity on chromosomes 17p and 9p/18q may play important roles in early and advanced phases of gallbladder carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1999;125(8-9):439–443
- . Evaluation of BAT-26 as an indicator of microsatellite instability in gallbladder carcinomas. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50:1799–1802
- Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(18 Pt 1):6126–6133
- . Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy. Hepatology. 2005;41:5–15
- Chromosome 9p21 loss and p16 inactivation in primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Res. 1999;84:88–93
- . The molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24:127–137
- Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of DNA repair potentiates oxidative DNA damage in cholangiocytes. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:190–199
- . Inflammatory cytokines induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in cholangiocarcinoma cells by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res. 2000;60:184–190
- . Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis downstream of cytochrome C release by nitrosylating caspase 9. Cancer Res. 2002;62:1648–1653
- . Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated dimerization and activation of EGF receptor. Cell. 2002;110:669–672
- Differential expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human bile duct epithelial cells and bile duct neoplasm. Hepatology. 2001;34(4 Pt 1):638–650
- Cancer risks in BRCA2 mutation carriers (The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1310-6
- Alterations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene and K-ras oncogene in perihilar cholangiocarcinomas from a high-incidence area. Int J Cancer. 1998;78:695–698
- . The precursor lesions of invasive gallbladder carcinoma (Hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ). Cancer. 1980;45:919–927
- . Relation of adenoma to carcinoma in the gallbladder. Cancer. 1982;50:2226–2234
- . Gallbladder adenomas have molecular abnormalities different from those present in gallbladder carcinomas. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:21–25
- . Histogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma from investigation of early carcinoma and microcarcinoma. Acta Pathologica Japonica. 1989;39:235–244
- . p53 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity and nuclear morphometry of “carcinoma-in-adenoma” and adenoma of the gall-bladder. Pathol Int. 1996;46:908–917[Republished from Pathol Int. 1996;46:426-35; PMID: 8869994.]
- Histological and genetic changes in malignant transformation of gallbladder adenoma. Ann Oncol. 1999;10(Suppl 4):136–139
- . Review of histological classifications of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: differences in diagnosis of early carcinomas between Japanese and Western pathologists. J Gastroenterol. 2001;36:445–456
- . Precancerous conditions of gallbladder carcinoma: overview of histopathologic characteristics and molecular genetic findings. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2000;7:556–567
- . Morphometrical analysis of gall-bladder adenoma and adenocarcinoma with reference to histogenesis and adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Virchows Arch. 1990;417:49–56
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder (A clinicopathology of 103 patients and a newly proposed staging). Cancer. 1988;62:1425–1432
- . Preneoplastic lesions in gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2006;93:615–623
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder (Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates). Cancer. 1992;70:1493–1497
- Papillary carcinomas of the gallbladder: analysis of noninvasive and invasive types. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129:905–909
- . Clear cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:91–99
- . Gallbladder carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2001;21:295–314questionnaire. [Erratum appears in Radiographics. 2001;21:766.]
- . Pathology of carcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Surg. 1991;15:315–321
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder: a study of its modes of spread. Ann Surg. 1962;156:114–124
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder. [see comment] Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:167–176
- Carcinomas arising in cystic conditions of the bile ducts (A clinical and pathologic study). Ann Surg. 1987;205:377–384
- . Pathological aspects of cholangiocarcinoma. J Pathol. 1983;139:217–238
- Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the bile ducts. Radiographics. 2004;24:53–66discussion 66-7
- Papillary neoplasms of the bile duct that mimic biliary stone disease. Radiographics. 2003;23:447–455
- . Imaging of intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Imaging. 2004;29:548–557
- . The caudate lobe of the liver: implications of embryology and anatomy for surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2002;11:835–848
- . Surgical and radiologic anatomy of the liver and biliary tract. In: Blumgart LH, Fong Y editor. Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract. Vol. 1:Edinburgh WB: Saunders; 2003;p. 3–33
- Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of an American and a Japanese experience. Ann Surg. 2000;232:166–174
- . Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. Surgery. 1987;101:731–737
- Carcinoma involving the gallbladder in elderly patients presenting with acute cholecystitis. Surgery. 1997;122:748–754discussion 754-6
- High coincidence of Mirizzi syndrome and gallbladder carcinoma. [see comment] Surgery. 1997;121:58–63
- Serum CEA and CA 19-9: potential future diagnostic or screening tests for gallbladder cancer?. Int J Cancer. 1990;45:821–824
- Comparison of preoperative serum CA19-9 levels with results of diagnostic imaging modalities in patients undergoing laparotomy for suspected pancreatic or gallbladder disease. Pancreas. 1994;9:707–716
- . Surgical management of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24:189–199
- Sonographic diagnosis of unsuspected gallbladder cancer: imaging findings in comparison with benign gallbladder conditions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165:1169–1174
- Carcinoma of the gallbladder: role of sonography in diagnosis and staging. J Clin Ultrasound. 2000;28:227–232
- . Impact of recent advances in hepatobiliary imaging techniques on the preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Surg. 1991;15:322–327
- Gallbladder cancer: can ultrasonography evaluate extent of disease?. J Ultrasound Med. 1998;17:303–309
- Spread of gallbladder carcinoma: CT evaluation with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging. 1996;21:195–201
- Helical CT of the local spread of carcinoma of the gallbladder: evaluation according to the TNM system in patients who underwent surgical resection. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:423–428
- . Differentiation of complicated cholecystitis from gallbladder carcinoma by computed tomography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;143:255–259
- Carcinoma of the gallbladder: CT evaluation of lymphatic spread. Radiology. 1993;189:875–880
- Differential diagnosis of gallbladder cancer using positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET). J Surg Oncol. 2003;84:74–81
- Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging in the evaluation of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004;8:90–97
- Application of modern imaging methods in diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2006;93:650–664
- Staging and follow-up of gastrointestinal tumors with PET/CT. Abdom Imaging. 2006;31:25–35
- Impact of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography on staging and management of gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol. 2006;45:43–50
- Portal vein evaluation with US: comparison to angiography combined with CT arterial portography. Radiology. 1996;201:149–154
- Malignant hepatic hilar tumors: can ultrasonography be used as an alternative to angiography with CT arterial portography for determination of resectability?. J Ultrasound Med. 1996;15:37–45
- . Endoscopic techniques to diagnose and manage biliary tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4561–4565
- Magnetic resonance imaging of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24:155–164
- Performance characteristics of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the staging of malignant hilar strictures. Gut. 2000;46:103–106
- Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose for diagnosis and staging of bile duct cancer. Hepatology. 2001;33:1029–1035
- [Detection of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis by positron emission tomography]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2000;162:782–785
- . Early detection and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. [see comment] Liver Transplant. 2000;6(6 Suppl 2):S30–S34
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder: staging, treatment, and prognosis. Cancer. 1976;37:141–148
- . AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 5th ed.. New York: Springer; 1997;
- . AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed.. New York: Springer; 2002;
- Evidence-based gallbladder cancer staging: changing cancer staging by analysis of data from the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg. 2006;243:767–771discussion 771-4
- . Intrahepatic cholangioenteric anastomosis in carcinoma of the hilus of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1975;140:170–178
- Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2001;234:507–517discussion 517-9
- Surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2005;241:693–699discussion 699-702
- . Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978;147:929–942
- . Surgical treatment of 724 carcinomas of the gallbladder (Results of the French Surgical Association Survey). Ann Surg. 1994;219:275–280
- . Carcinoma of the gall-bladder: an experience and review of the literature. Aust N Z J Surg. 1995;65:724–727
- . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma: results of a Japanese survey of 498 patients. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2002;9:256–260
- Should suspected early gallbladder cancer be treated laparoscopically?. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6:50–56discussion 56-7
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can disseminate in situ carcinoma of the gallbladder. J Am Coll Surg. 1995;181:504–510
- . Radical second resection provides survival benefit for patients with T2 gallbladder carcinoma first discovered after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg. 2002;26:867–871Epub 2002 Apr 18
- . Is laparoscopic cholecystectomy hazardous for gallbladder cancer?. Surgery. 1998;123:311–314
- Radical operations for carcinoma of the gallbladder: present status in Japan. World J Surg. 1991;15:337–343
- Completion radical surgery after cholecystectomy for accidentally undiagnosed gallbladder carcinoma. World J Surg. 2003;27:266–271
- Early carcinoma of the gallbladder. Eur J Surg. 1992;158:545–548
- . Surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004;8:83–89discussion 89
- Early gallbladder cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:137–141
- Survival after surgery for cancer of the gallbladder. Br J Surg. 1994;81:1655–1657
- Surgical treatment of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder based on the histologic analysis of 48 surgical specimens. Am J Surg. 1992;163:239–245
- Early gallbladder carcinoma does not warrant radical resection. Br J Surg. 2001;88:675–678
- . Gallbladder cancer. Semin Surg Oncol. 2000;19:145–155
- . Gallbladder carcinoma discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: aggressive reresection is beneficial. Cancer. 1998;83:423–427
- Radical surgery for gallbladder carcinoma (Long-term results). Ann Surg. 1992;216:565–568
- Long-term results after resection for gallbladder cancer (Implications for staging and management). Ann Surg. 1996;224:639–646
- Gallbladder cancer in Chile (A report on 54 potentially resectable tumors). Cancer. 1992;69:60–65
- Curative resection in potentially resectable tumours of the gallbladder. Eur J Surg. 1997;163:419–426
- . Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention. Ann Surg. 2000;232:557–569
- Appraisal of surgical treatment for pT2 gallbladder carcinomas. World J Surg. 2004;28:160–165
- . [Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma—the CAE-S/CAMIC registry]. Zentralbl Chir. 2003;128:309–312
- Long-term prognosis of gallbladder cancer diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy port site recurrence of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic surgery: two case reports of long-term survival. Is laparoscopic cholecystectomy hazardous for gallbladder cancer? (Surg Endosc). 2000;14:712–716
- Gallbladder cancer invading the perimuscular connective tissue: results of reresection after prior non-curative operation. J Surg Oncol. 2003;83:212–215
- . Impact of gas(less) laparoscopy and laparotomy on peritoneal tumor growth and abdominal wall metastases. Ann Surg. 1996;224:694–700discussion 700-1
- A model of port-site metastases of gallbladder cancer: the influence of peritoneal injury and its repair on abdominal wall metastases. Surgery. 1999;125:553–559
- . Port site recurrences after laparoscopic surgery (A review). Dig Surg. 1998;15:124–134
- . Tumor seeding following laparoscopy: international survey. [see comment] World J Surg. 1999;23:989–995discussion 996-7
- . Port site recurrences after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2001;8:535–543
- . Port site metastases from gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Results of a Swedish survey and review of published reports). Eur J Surg. 1999;165:215–222
- . Wound recurrence from gallbladder cancer after open cholecystectomy. Surgery. 2000;127:296–300
- Does laparoscopic cholecystectomy worsen the prognosis of unsuspected gallbladder cancer?. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1340–1344
- Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the biliary tract. Hepatogastroenterology. 1991;38:170–175
- Anatomical limit of extended cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma involving the neck of the gallbladder. Int Surg. 1998;83:21–23
- . Effect of hepatic invasion on the choice of hepatic resection for advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder: histologic analysis of 32 surgical cases. World J Surg. 1998;22:262–266discussion 266-7
- Should the extrahepatic bile duct be resected for locally advanced gallbladder cancer?. Surgery. 2004;136:1012–1017discussion 1018
- Hepatoduodenal ligament invasion by gallbladder carcinoma: histologic patterns and surgical recommendation. World J Surg. 2003;27:260–265
- . Aggressive surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder. Surgery. 1989;106:467–473
- Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced gallbladder carcinoma. Arch Surg. 1994;129:625–629
- Outcomes of aggressive treatment of stage IV gallbladder cancer and predictors of survival. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999;46:2114–2121
- Extensive surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder. Br J Surg. 2002;89:179–184
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder: an appraisal of surgical resection. Surgery. 1994;115:751–756
- . Combined pancreaticoduodenectomy and hepatectomy for patients with locally advanced gallbladder carcinoma: long term results. Cancer. 1997;80:1904–1909
- Treatment of gallbladder cancer by radical resection. [see comment] Br J Surg. 1999;86:622–627
- Significance of extensive surgery including resection of the pancreas head for the treatment of gallbladder cancer—from the perspective of mode of lymph node involvement and surgical outcome. World J Surg. 2006;30:36–42
- An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American center. Ann Surg. 2005;241:385–394
- Cholecystectomy, liver resection, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for gallbladder cancer: report of five cases. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6:776–780
- Management of proximal cholangiocarcinomas by surgical resection and radiotherapy. Am J Surg. 1990;159:91–97discussion 97-8
- . Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas. Semin Liver Dis. 1994;14:109–114
- . Operative considerations in resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. HPB. 2005;7:254–258
- Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the North of England: pathology, treatment, and outcome. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:7625–7630
- Proximal bile duct cancer: high resectability rate and 5-year survival. Ann Surg. 1999;230:266–275
- Staging laparoscopy in patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma (Analysis of 100 patients). Ann Surg. 2002;235:392–399
- Evaluation of morbidity and mortality after resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma—a single center experience. Surgery. 2000;127:395–404
- . Surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: the Nagoya experience. HPB. 2005;7:259–262
- Hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobe resection for bile duct carcinoma of the hepatic hilus. World J Surg. 1990;14:535–543discussion 544
- Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the hepatic duct confluence: analysis of 55 resected carcinomas. World J Surg. 1993;17:85–92discussion 92-3
- Improved outcome of resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor). Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13:872–880
- Hepatectomy with portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: audit of 52 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 2003;238:720–727
- Portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am Surg. 2006;72:599–604discussion 604-5
- Extended resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 1999;230:808–818discussion 819
- . Preoperative percutaneous transhepatic internal drainage in obstructive jaundice: a randomized, controlled trial examining renal function. Surgery. 1985;97:641–648
- . Usefulness of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with surgical jaundice–a prospective randomised study. J Assoc Phys India. 1999;47:271–274
- Preoperative external biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice (A prospective controlled clinical trial). Lancet. 1982;2:896–899
- Pre-operative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: the results of a controlled trial. Br J Surg. 1984;71:371–375
- Treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumors) with hepatic resection or transplantation. J Am Coll Surg. 1998;187:358–364
- . Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: results in 207 patients. Transplantation. 2000;69:1633–1637
- Spanish experience in liver transplantation for hilar and peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2004;239:265–271
- Liver transplantation for cholangiocellular carcinoma: analysis of a single-center experience and review of the literature. Liver Transplant. 2001;7:1023–1033
- Orthotopic liver transplantation in treatment of 77 patients with end-stage hepatic disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2002;1:8–13
- Combined liver transplantation and pancreatoduodenectomy for irresectable hilar bile duct carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1995;82:397–398
- Orthotopic liver transplantation after extended bile duct resection as treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (First long-terms results). Transpl Int. 1998;11(Suppl 1):S206–S208
- [Experiences with liver transplantation and liver transplantation combined with Whipple’s operation in Klatskin tumor]. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd. 1996;113:413–415
- Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2005;242:451–458discussion 458-61
- 10-year tumor-free survival after intraoperative radiation therapy and secondary liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Transplantation. 2004;77:1625
- Radiochemotherapy and transplantation allow long-term survival for nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Transplant. 2002;2:774–779
- . Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: operative experience during a 16 year period. Eur J Surg. 1993;159:415–420
- Biliary carcinoma (A review of 109 cases). Am J Surg. 1984;147:503–509
- . Experience with distal bile duct cancers in U.S. Veterans Affairs hospitals: 1987-1991. J Surg Oncol. 1997;64:242–245
- Biliary tract cancers. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1368–1378
- . Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience with chemotherapy for inoperable gallbladder and bile duct cancer. Cancer. 1984;54:965–969
- Comparison of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin C with 5-fluorouracil alone in the treatment of pancreatic-biliary carcinomas. Oncology. 1994;51:396–400
- . Epirubicin-sequential methotrexate-5-fluorouracil-leucovorin treatment in advanced cancer of the extrahepatic biliary system (A phase II study). Am J Clin Oncol. 1994;17:223–226
- Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996;7:593–600
- . Gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic gallbladder cancer: results of the phase II Gocchi study 2000-13. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2003;22
- A phase II study of gemcitabine and cisplatin in chemotherapy-naive, unresectable gall bladder cancer. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1516–1520
- Optimization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin combination chemotherapy with a new schedule of leucovorin, 5-FU and cisplatin (LV5FU2-P regimen) in patients with biliary tract carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:1192–1196
- . A randomized phase II trial of weekly high dose 5-FU (HD-FU) with and without folinic acid (FA) and cisplatin (P) in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma: the EORTC 40955 trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2002;22:175
- Phase II trial of cisplatin, interferon alpha-2b, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil for biliary tract cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:3375–3380
- Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:1650–1654
- A phase II study of gemcitabine in gallbladder carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2001;12:1403–1406
- Phase II study of systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced unresectable hepatobiliary carcinomas. Hepatogastroenterology. 2001;48:783–789
- Phase II trial of two-weekly gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Ann Oncol. 2001;12:183–186
- Two consecutive phase II studies of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/mitomycin C and of gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary cancer. Oncology. 1999;56:177–180
- Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:4089–4091
- Weekly gemcitabine plus 24-h infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the biliary tract. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1715–1719
- Gemcitabine concurrent with continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil in advanced biliary cancers: a review of the Princess Margaret Hospital experience. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:770–774
- Combining gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced biliary cancer: a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2332–2338
- . An expanded phase II study combining gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced biliary cancer (International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology (ISGIO) 2nd Annual Conference). Virginia: Arlington; 2005;
- Capecitabine combined with gemcitabine (CapGem) as first-line treatment in patients with advanced/metastatic biliary tract carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;104:2753–2758
- Outpatient therapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel for gallbladder, biliary, and cholangio-carcinomas. Invest New Drugs. 2002;20:351–356
- Gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma: a GERCOR study. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1339–1343
- . EXIBIT: an international multicenter phase II trial of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in patients with advanced biliary cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;26
- . Aphase II study of gemcitabine and capecitabine in advanced cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23
- . Gemcitabine, alone or in combination with cisplatin, in patients with advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and other biliary tract tumors: A multicenter, randomized phase II (the UK ABC-01) study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;24
- . Oral capecitabine (Xeloda) for the treatment of hepatobiliary cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2000;19:264a
- Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:478–483
- . Multicenter phase II trial of oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX) in advanced biliary system adenocarcinomas (study CCC/GBC-01). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2003;22
- A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and carboplatin in patients with unresectable biliary tree carcinoma. Cancer. 1998;82:2321–2325
- Combining capecitabine and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma: a phase I/II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:66–68
- Phase I-II study of gemcitabine and fluorouracil as a continuous infusion in patients with pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:585–592
- . Synergistic interaction of gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1998;17:251a
- . Antitumor activity of combination therapy with capecitabine plus vinorelbine, and capecitabine plus gemcitabine in human tumor xenograft models. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2002;
- New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:205–216
- Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3069–3074
- Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:352–358
- Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma? (A phase III multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in patients with resected pancreaticobiliary carcinoma). Cancer. 2002;95:1685–1695
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 1997;174:605–608discussion 608-9
- Quantification of respiration-induced abdominal tumor motion and its impact on IMRT dose distributions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;58:1584–1595
- Analysis of radiation-induced liver disease using the Lyman NTCP model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;53:810–821
- . From palliation to cure: radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2006;106(8):1653–1663
- . Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1970;168:1
- Adjuvant external beam radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy in the management of gallbladder carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;52:167–175
- . Primary gallbladder carcinoma: significance of subserosal lesions and results of aggressive surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgery. 1983;94:709
- . Radiation therapy of carcinoma of gallbladder and biliary tract. Cancer. 1977;40:1422–1424
- Adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy after resection of primary gallbladder carcinoma: a 23-year experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62:1030–1034
- Gallbladder carcinoma: role of radiation therapy. Br J Surg. 1989;76:448–450
- . Unusual malignant epithelial tumors of the gallbladder. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1996;13:326–338
- [Two cases of successful local control with intermittent hepatic arterial infusion therapy using 5-FU and external radiation therapy for unresectable advanced gall bladder cancer]. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. 2005;32:1855–1858[Japanese Journal of Cancer & Chemotherapy]
- Role of intraluminal brachytherapy in extrahepatic bile duct and pancreatic cancers: is it just for palliation?. Radiology. 1996;199:861–866
- . Patterns of failure after curative surgery for extra-hepatic biliary tract carcinoma: implications for adjuvant therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1981;7:413–417
- . Pathology of cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Imaging. 2004;29:540–547
- . Mutation and altered expression of beta-catenin during gallbladder carcinogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:758–766
- Concomitant gemcitabine (Gemzar) and extended nodes irradiation in the treatment of pancreatic and biliary carcinoma: a phase I study. Onkologie. 2003;26:325–329
- Benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of locally advanced main hepatic duct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;46:581–587
- Intraoperative radiotherapy for resectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;45:635–638
- Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (Postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival). Ann Surg. 1995;221:788–797discussion 797-8
- . Surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: the Johns Hopkins approach. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2000;7:115–121
- Carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract: Surgery and radiotherapy for curative and palliatve intent. Radio Oncol Invest. 1998;6:240–247
- Results of radiation therapy in carcinoma a of the proximal bile duct (Klatskin tumor). Semin Liver Dis. 1990;10:131
- . Role of radiation after operative palliation in cancer of the proximal bile ducts. Am J Surg. 1991;161:454–458
- Combined modality therapy of extrahepatic biliary system cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990;18:1157–1163
- . The role of radiation therapy in carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1984;10:2251–2258
- The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of bile duct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990;1:63–67
- Combined external beam radiotherapy and intraluminal high dose rate brachytherapy on bile duct carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994;29:855–861
- . The impact of radiation dose in combined external beam and intraluminal Ir-192 brachytherapy for bile duct cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994;28:945–951
- . The role of radiation therapy in cancer of the extra-hepatic biliary system: an analysis of thirteen patients and a review of the literature of the effectiveness of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1977;2(9-10):883–894
- Intraoperative radiotherapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma–the Mayo Clinic experience. Surg Oncol. 1992;1:283–290
- Combination of external beam irradiation and high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy for inoperable carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57
- External radiation therapy in carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1984;10:2251
- Radiation therapy for primary carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary system (An analysis of 63 cases). Cancer. 1991;68:289–294
- Limitations of conventional doses of chemoradiation for unresectable biliary cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;53:969
- Combined modality treatment in unresectable extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;46:913–919
- Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with doxifluridine and paclitaxel for extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2006;29:240–245
- . Definitive radiation therapy in bile duct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988;15:735–744
- . Controversies in the surgical management of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Semin Oncol. 2005;32(6 Suppl 9):S112–S117
- Surgical treatment of patients with T2 gallbladder carcinoma invading the subserosal layer. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;192:600–607
- Factors influencing postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival after resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 1996;223:384–394
- Improved surgical results for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with procedures including major hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 1999;230:663–671
- Parenchyma-preserving hepatectomy in the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 1999;189:575–583
- Intraoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Surg. 1991;15:352–356
PII: S0011-3840(07)00059-7
doi: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2007.04.006
© 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Current Problems in Surgery
Volume 44, Issue 7
, Pages 396-482
, July 2007
