« Previous
Current Problems in Surgery
Volume 45, Issue 12
, Pages 844-899
, December 2008
Thromboembolic Diseases
References
- . Estimated annual number of incident and recurrent, non-fatal venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in the US. Blood. 2005;106
- . Long-term outcomes after deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. Vasc Med. 1998;3:57–60
- . Hypercoagulability: too many tests, too much conflicting data. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2002;353–368
- . Vascular thrombosis due to hypercoagulable states. In: Rutherford's Textbook of Vascular Surgery. 6th ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2004;p. 568–578
- . Atherothrombotic disorders: new insights from hematology. Circulation. 2005;111:1855–1863
- . Neutrophils and deep venous thrombosis. Haemostasis. 1993;23(suppl 1):127–140
- . Mechanisms of venous thrombosis and resolution. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:387–391
- P-selectin antagonism causes dose-dependent venous thrombosis inhibition. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:423–429
- New and effective treatment of experimentally induced venous thrombosis with anti-inflammatory rPSGL-Ig. Thromb Haemost. 2002;87:374–382
- Macrovascular thrombosis is driven by tissue factor derived primarily from the blood vessel wall. Blood. 2005;105:192–198
- Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1227–1235
- . Phlegmasia caerulea dolens and venous gangrene. Br J Surg. 1996;83:19–23
- . Inappropriate use of venous duplex scans: an analysis of indications and results. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23:881–885discussion 885-6.
- . Duplex scanning for deep vein thrombosis: has it replaced both phlebography and noninvasive testing?. Semin Vasc Surg. 1996;9:3–12
- . Grades of recommendation for antithrombotic agents: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2008;133:123S–131S(8th ed).
- Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2317–2327
- Complete compression ultrasonography of the leg veins as a single test for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2003;89:228–234
- . Clinical prediction of deep venous thrombosis using two risk assessment methods in combination with rapid quantitative D-dimer testing. Am J Med. 2002;112:198–203
- D-dimer, P-selectin, and microparticles: novel markers to predict deep venous thrombosis (A pilot study). Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:1312–1317
- . Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism (Results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED)). JAMA. 1990;263:2753–2759
- . Comprehensive analysis of the results of the PIOPED Study (Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis Study). J Nucl Med. 1995;36:2380–2387
- . Spiral CT angiography of the pulmonary circulation. Radiology. 1999;212:615–636
- . Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1999;5:222–226
- . Relation between the time to achieve the lower limit of the APTT therapeutic range and recurrent venous thromboembolism during heparin treatment for deep vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2562–2568
- . Risk of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with treated venous thromboembolism. JAMA. 1998;279:458–462
- The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:1–7
- . Clinical practice (Treatment of deep-vein thrombosis). N Engl J Med. 2004;351:268–277
- Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;3:CD001100
- . Low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Semin Vasc Surg. 2000;13:189–193
- . A randomized trial evaluating long-term low-molecular-weight heparin therapy out-of-hospital versus warfarin sodium comparing the post-phlebotic outcomes at three months. Blood. 2001;98:447A
- . Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;4:CD001100
- Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. Chest. 2001;119(1 suppl):176S–193S
- Residual venous thrombosis as a predictive factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:955–960
- . Quantitative assessment of thrombus burden predicts the outcome of treatment for venous thrombosis: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2005;118:456–464
- . D-dimer levels in combination with residual venous obstruction and the risk of recurrence after anticoagulation withdrawal for a first idiopathic deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:969–974
- D-dimer testing to determine the duration of anticoagulation therapy. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1780–1789
- Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1425–1434
- Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:631–639
- . Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:893–900
- . Reduced morbidity and mortality rates of the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:309–314discussion 315-16.
- . Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: the antibody is not heparin specific. Thromb Haemost. 1992;67:545–549
- . How I treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Blood. 2003;101:31–37
- . Contemporary standards for the diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Surgery. 2008;143:305–312
- Recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) provides safe and effective anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a prospective study. Circulation. 1999;99:73–80
- . Successful treatment of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with fondaparinux. Thromb Haemost. 2005;93:999–1000
- Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:146–153
- Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:975–980
- . Once versus twice daily LMWH for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD003074
- Subcutaneous enoxaparin once or twice daily compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:191–202
- . New anticoagulants for treatment of venous thromboembolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:380–386
- . Fondaparinux vs enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in major orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of 4 randomized double-blind studies. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1833–1840
- . Pharmacological prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients at risk. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5:409–415
- . Randomized clinical trial of postoperative fondaparinux versus perioperative dalteparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in high-risk abdominal surgery. Br J Surg. 2005;92:1212–1220
- . Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with fondaparinux after hip fracture surgery: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1337–1342
- Fondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:867–873
- Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1695–1702
- Idraparinux versus standard therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1094–1104
- . Investigational treatments of venous thromboembolism. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007;16:431–440
- Treatment of proximal deep-vein thrombosis with the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939): the ODIXa-DVT (Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor BAY 59-7939 in Patients With Acute Symptomatic Deep-Vein Thrombosis) study. Circulation. 2007;116:180–187
- . New anticoagulant drugs: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 suppl):265S–286S
- . Small molecule coagulation cascade inhibitors in the clinic. Curr Top Med Chem. 2005;5:1677–1695
- . Twenty-year clinical experience with the Greenfield filter. Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;3:199–205
- . Free-floating deep venous thrombosis (A retrospective analysis). Ann Surg. 1990;211:719–722discussion 722-3.
- . Prophylactic inferior vena cava filters in trauma patients at high risk: follow-up examination and risk/benefit assessment. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30:484–488
- . Risks and benefits of gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients with severe venous stasis disease. Ann Surg. 2001;234:41–46
- . Beside placement of IVC filters. Endovasc Today. 2005;4:60–63
- A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis (Prevention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group). N Engl J Med. 1998;338:409–415
- Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:249–256
- Acute deep vein thrombosis: early mobilization does not increase the frequency of pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:42–46
- . Ambulation and compression after deep vein thrombosis: dispelling myths. Semin Vasc Surg. 2005;18:148–152
- . Effect of venous thromboembolism on mortality costs, and length of stay in hospitalized medical patients. Circ. 2005;111:e322
- . Venous thromboembolism: disease burden, outcomes and risk factors. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:1611–1617
- A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (The Worcester DVT Study). Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:933–938
- Estimated annual numbers of US acute-care hospital patients at risk for venous thromboembolism. [see comment] Am J Hematol. 2007;82:777–782
- . Estimated annual number of incident and recurrent non-fatal and fatal venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in the US. Blood. 1995;106:Abstract 910
- Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 suppl):338S–400S
- Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group (Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism). N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2257–2264
- Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:249–256
- . Postoperative venous thrombosis (Evaluation of five methods of treatment). Am J Surg. 1981;141:245–251
- . Prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli with combined modalities. Am Surg. 1983;49:599–605
- . Postthrombotic syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006;32:744–751
- . Venous stasis syndrome: the long-term burden of deep vein thrombosis. Hosp Med. 2003;64:593–598
- The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:1–7
- . Practical aspects of the postthrombotic syndrome. Dis Mon. 2005;51:166–175
- . Patent foramen ovale: the missing link between deep venous thrombotic disease and embolic stroke. Dis Mon. 2005;51:94–103
- . Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based case-control study. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:809–815
- . Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care. Dis Mon. 2005;51:70–78
- Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1245–1248
- . Risks and benefits of gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients with severe venous stasis disease. Ann Surg. 2001;234:41–46
- Risk factors for venous thromboembolic events in cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:297–303
- . Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107(23 suppl 1):I9–I16
- Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest. 2001;119(1 suppl):132S–175S
- Electronic alerts to prevent venous thromboembolism among hospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:969–977
- . Risk factors for venous thrombosis in medical inpatients: validation of a thrombosis risk score. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:2156–2161
- . Prevention of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism by low doses of heparin (An international multicentre trial). Lancet. 1975;2:45–51
- . Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by perioperative administration of subcutaneous heparin (Overview of results of randomized trials in general, orthopedic, and urologic surgery). N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1162–1173
- . Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy (8th Ed: ACCP Guidelines). Chest. 2008;133:381S–451S
- . Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Dis Mon. 2005;51:141–149
- Low-molecular-weight heparin versus standard heparin in general and orthopaedic surgery: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 1992;340:152–156
- . Low molecular weight heparin in prevention of perioperative thrombosis. BMJ. 1992;305:913–920
- . Low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after abdominal surgery. Br J Surg. 2004;91:965–974
- . Prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism and mortality in surgical patients: a randomized double-blind comparison of LMWH with unfractionated heparin. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:814–819
- Prolonged prophylaxis with dalteparin to prevent late thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a multicenter randomized open-label study. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:2384–2390
- . New pentasaccharides for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism: clinical studies. Chest. 2003;124(6 suppl):371S–378S
- . Compression of the deep venous system of the lower leg during inactive recumbency. Arch Surg. 1973;106:38–43
- . Operative venodilation: a previously unsuspected factor in the cause of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Surgery. 1989;106:301–308discussion 308-9.
- . Venous stasis and vein lumen changes during surgery. Br J Surg. 1990;77:1055–1059
- . Deep vein thrombosis: effect of graduated compression stockings on distension of the deep veins of the calf. Br J Surg. 1991;78:724–726
- . Graduated compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism (A meta-analysis). Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:67–72
- . Elastic compression stockings for the prevention of DVT. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;3:CD001484
- Towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: systematic reviews of mechanical methods, oral anticoagulation, dextran and regional anaesthesia as thromboprophylaxis. Health Technol Assess. 2005;9:1–78
- . Graduated compression stockings: knee length or thigh length. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2001;383:197–203
- . Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis: the effectiveness and implications of using below-knee or thigh-length graduated compression stockings. Heart Lung. 2001;30:277–284
- . The efficacy of a new portable sequential compression device (SCD Express) in preventing venous stasis. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:296–303
- The fibrinolytic effects of intermittent pneumatic compression: mechanism of enhanced fibrinolysis. Ann Surg. 1997;226:306–313discussion 313-4.
- . Intermittent pneumatic compression in chronic venous insufficiency favorably affects fibrinolytic potential and platelet activation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1996;7:437–446
- . Elevated levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1a from a lower extremity during external pneumatic compression. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1988;166:338–342
- Relationship between postsurgical fibrinolytic parameters and deep vein thrombosis in surgical patients treated with compression devices. Am Surg. 1988;54:156–160
- . Intermittent pneumatic compression and deep vein thrombosis prevention (A meta-analysis in postoperative patients). Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:1181–1185
- . Why does prophylaxis with external pneumatic compression for deep vein thrombosis fail?. Am J Surg. 1992;164:265–268
- . Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) Trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1295–1302
- . Heparins and mechanical methods for thromboprophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;4:CD001217
- . Postoperative venous thrombosis (Evaluation of five methods of treatment). Am J Surg. 1981;141:245–251
- . Intermittent pneumatic compression to prevent proximal deep venous thrombosis during and after total hip replacement (A prospective, randomized study of compression alone, compression and aspirin, and compression and low-dose warfarin). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:507–512
- . The effectiveness of intermittent plantar venous compression in prevention of deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1993;8:57–61
- . The efficacy of pneumatic compression stockings in the prevention of pulmonary embolism after cardiac surgery. Chest. 1996;109:82–85
- . Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip and knee replacement (Low-molecular-weight heparin in combination with intermittent pneumatic compression). J Bone Joint Surg. 2004;86:809–812
- . Rapid-inflation intermittent pneumatic compression for prevention of deep venous thrombosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:1050–1056
- . VenaFlow plus Lovenox vs VenaFlow plus aspirin for thromboembolic disease prophylaxis in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2006;21(6 suppl 2):139–143
- . Fondaparinux combined with intermittent pneumatic compression vs. intermittent pneumatic compression alone for prevention of venous thromboembolism after abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind comparison. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:1854–1861
- . Thromboprophylaxis rates in US medical centers: success or failure?. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:1610–1616
- Prevention of venous thromboembolism in North America: results of a survey among general surgeons. J Vasc Surg. 1994;20:751–758
- Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): a multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2008;371:387–394
- Global orthopedic registry (GLORY). J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:1409
- . Effect of postthrombotic syndrome on health-related quality of life after deep venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1144–1148
- . Post-thrombotic syndrome, functional disability and quality of life after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults. Thromb Haemost. 2005;93:499–502
- . Venous claudication in iliofemoral thrombosis: long-term effects on venous hemodynamics, clinical status, and quality of life. Ann Surg. 2004;239:118–126
- . The socioeconomic effects of an iliofemoral venous thrombosis. J Surg Res. 1977;22:483–488
- . Venous function assessed during a 5 year period after acute ilio-femoral venous thrombosis treated with anticoagulation. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1990;4:43–48
- . Iliofemoral venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:1065–1076
- . Treatment of acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: a strategy of thrombus removal. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33:351–360discussion 361-2.
- Significance of popliteal reflux in relation to ambulatory venous pressure and ulceration. Arch Surg. 1979;114:1304–1306
- . Ambulatory venous pressure: new information. In: Nicolaides AN, Yao JS editor. Investigation of Vascular Disorders. New York: Churchill Livingston; 1981;p. 488–494
- . Hemodynamic deterioration in chronic venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:733–740
- . Relationship between changes in the deep venous system and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of lower limb deep vein thrombosis: a one- to six-year follow-up. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:307–312discussion 313.
- . Deep venous insufficiency: the relationship between lysis and subsequent reflux. J Vasc Surg. 1993;18:596–605discussion 606-8.
- . Effects of thrombolysis and venous thrombectomy on valvular competence, thrombogenicity, venous wall morphology, and function. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28:787–799
- . Thrombolysis for experimental deep venous thrombosis maintains valvular competence and vasoreactivity. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:1193–1205
- . Relationship between changes in the deep venous system and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of lower limb deep vein thrombosis: a one- to six-year follow-up. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:307–313
- . Valvular reflux after deep vein thrombosis: incidence and time of occurrence. J Vasc Surg. 1992;15:377–382discussion 383-4.
- Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: safety and efficacy outcome during 5 years of catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997;8:405–418
- . Catheter-directed thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: report of a national multicenter registry. Radiology. 1999;211:39–49
- . Catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis improves health-related quality of life. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32:130–137
- . Thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula: the treatment of choice in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 1984;1:867–876
- . Long-term results of venous thrombectomy combined with a temporary arterio-venous fistula. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1990;4:483–489
- . Venous thrombectomy for iliofemoral vein thrombosis—10-year results of a prospective randomized study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;14:367–374
- . Early results of thrombolysis vs anticoagulation in iliofemoral venous thrombosis (A randomised clinical trial). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2002;24:209–214
- . Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolic Disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 suppl):401S–428S
- . Chest and abdominopelvic CT scans are important tools for evaluating patients with iliofemoral venous thrombosis. PD J Vasc Surg. 2008;In press
- . Venous thrombectomy for iliofemoral vein thrombosis—10-year results of a prospective randomised study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;14:367–374
- . Revival of thromboectomy in the management of acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. Contemp Surg. 1992;40:21
- . Traitement chirurgical des thromboses iliocaves: exigences et resultats. In: Kieffer E editors. Chirurgie de la Veine Cave Inferieure et de Ses Branches. Paris: Expansion Scientifique Francaise; 1985;210-6
- . Thrombectomy and temporary AV-fistula in iliofemoral vein thrombosis (Technical considerations and early results). Int Angiol. 1986;5:65–72
- . Robert May Memorial Lecture: Advances in reconstructive venous surgery. Int Angiol. 1986;5:117–129
- . Surgical venous thrombectomy. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7:586–590
- . Thrombectomy and temporary arterio-venous fistula for ilio-femoral venous thrombosis. Int Angiol. 1988;7:14–18
- . [Acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. 26 cases treated with thrombectomy, temporary arteriovenous fistula and anticoagulants]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1990;152:2928–2930
- . Is there a role for thrombectomy in iliofemoral venous thrombosis?. Semin Vasc Surg. 1996;9:34–45
- . Iliofemoral venous thrombectomy followed by percutaneous closure of the temporary arteriovenous fistula. Surgery. 1991;110:493–499
- . Surgical strategy for management of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. World J Surg. 1996;20:1149–1155
- Deep venous thrombosis during pregnancy and after delivery: indications for and results of thrombectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:528–532
- . Surgical thrombectomy versus conservative treatment for deep venous thrombosis; functional comparison of long-term results. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1989;3:529–538
- . Thrombectomy with arteriovenous fistula for embolizing deep venous thrombosis: an alternative therapy for prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism. The Clinical Investigator. 1993;72:40–45
- . Technique of contemporary iliofemoral and infrainguinal venous thrombectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:185–191
- . Operative venous thrombectomy. In: Bergan JJ editors. The Vein Book. San Diego: Elsevier; 2006;p. 405–416
- . Pooled analyses of randomized trials of streptokinase and heparin in phlebographically documented acute deep venous thrombosis. Am J Med. 1984;76:393–397
- A comparative randomized trial of heparin versus streptokinase in the treatment of acute proximal venous thrombosis: an interim report of a prospective trial. Br J Surg. 1979;66:838–843
- . Streptokinase or heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (Follow-up results of a prospective study). Acta Med Scand. 1982;211:65–68
- . Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with heparin or streptokinase: long-term venous function assessment. Proceedings of the Second International Vascular Symposium. 1989;Abstract N. S20.3.
- . Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: aggressive therapy with catheter-directed thrombolysis. Radiology. 1994;191:487–494
- . Catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral venous thrombosis. Semin Vasc Surg. 1996;9:26–33
- . Catheter-directed lysis of iliofemoral vein thrombosis with use of rt-PA. Eur Radiol. 1997;7:996–1001
- . Intraclot recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower and upper extremities. Am J Med. 2000;108:251–255
- . Percutaneous AngioJet thrombectomy in the management of extensive deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12:179–185
- . Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: conventional therapy versus lysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Ann Surg. 2001;233:752–760
- . Lower extremity venous thrombolysis with adjunctive mechanical thrombectomy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:1001–1008
- . Catheter-directed thrombolysis in deep venous thrombosis with use of reteplase: immediate results and complications from a pilot study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:577–580
- . Comparison of urokinase, alteplase, and reteplase for catheter-directed thrombolysis of deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004;15:347–352
- Preservation of venous valve function after catheter-directed and systemic thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;28:391–396
- . Catheter directed thrombolysis for treatment of ilio-femoral deep venous thrombosis is durable, preserves venous valve function and may prevent chronic venous insufficiency. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;30:556–562
- . Catheter-directed thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy with selective endovascular stenting as alternatives to systemic anticoagulation for treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis. Am J Surg. 2005;190:864–868
- . Intermittent pneumatic compression of the foot and calf improves the outcome of catheter-directed thrombolysis using low-dose urokinase in patients with acute proximal venous thrombosis of the leg. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:940–944
- . Adjunctive percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis: clinical and economic outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17:1099–1104
- Catheter-direct thrombolysis versus pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Am J Surg. 2006;192:782–788
- . Long-term outcomes of catheter directed thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis without prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:992–997discussion 997.
- . A thrombolytic regimen for high-risk deep venous thrombosis may substantially reduce the risk of postthrombotic syndrome in children. Blood. 2007;110:45–53
- Catheter-directed venous thrombolysis in acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis—the CaVenT study: rationale and design of a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. (NCT00251771) Am Heart J. 2007;154:808–814
- . Lower extremity venous thrombolysis with adjunctive mechanical thrombectomy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:1001–1008
- . The quantitative benefit of isolated, segmental, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for iliofemoral DVT. J Vasc Surg. 2008;In press
- Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis: initial clinical experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19:521–528
- . Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolic Disease: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):454S–545S(8th ed).
- Alteplase versus heparin in acute pulmonary embolism: randomised trial assessing right-ventricular function and pulmonary perfusion. Lancet. 1993;341:507–511
- . Echocardiography Doppler in pulmonary embolism: right ventricular dysfunction as a predictor of mortality rate. Am Heart J. 1997;134:479–487
- . Acute pulmonary embolectomy: a contemporary approach. Circulation. 2002;105:1416–1419
- Open pulmonary embolectomy for treatment of major pulmonary embolism. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:819–823discussion 823.
- . Thrombolysis vs heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a clinical outcome-based meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2537–2541
- . Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1143–1150
- . A national cooperative study. Circulation. 1973;47(2 suppl):1–108
- . Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2:CD004437
- . Thrombolysis compared with heparin for the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. Circulation. 2004;110:744–749
- PAIMS 2: alteplase combined with heparin versus heparin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (Plasminogen activator Italian multicenter study 2). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:520–526
- . Streptokinase and heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a randomized comparison. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 1979;13:42–52
- Streptokinase and heparin versus heparin alone in massive pulmonary embolism: A randomized controlled trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 1995;2:227–229
- . A controlled clinical trial of streptokinase and heparin in the treatment of major pulmonary embolism. Acta Med Scand. 1978;203:465–470
- Comparison by controlled clinical trial of streptokinase and heparin in treatment of life-threatening pulmonary embolism. BMJ. 1974;1:343–347
- Tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (A collaborative study by the PIOPED Investigators). Chest. 1990;97:528–533
- . Urokinase pulmonary embolism trial: phase I result. JAMA. 1970;214:2163–2172
- Association between thrombolytic treatment and the prognosis of hemodynamically stable patients with major pulmonary embolism: results of a multicenter registry. Circulation. 1997;96:882–888
- . Transvenous pulmonary embolectomy by catheter device. Ann Surg. 1971;174:881–886
- . Transvenous pulmonary embolectomy for acute massive pulmonary embolism. Chest. 1977;71:213–216
- . Intraluminal management of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1979;77:402–410
- . Transvenous catheter pulmonary embolectomy. Arch Surg. 1985;120:1372–1375
- [A case of acute massive pulmonary embolism successfully treated with transvenous pulmonary embolectomy by catheter]. Kokyu to junkan. 1989;37:1363–1366
- . Pulmonary embolectomy by catheter device in massive pulmonary embolism. Chest. 1991;100:655–658
- . Long-term experience with transvenous catheter pulmonary embolectomy. J Vasc Surg. 1993;18:450–457discussion 457-8.
- [Clinical outcome of catheter fragmentation and aspiration therapy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism]. J Cardiol. 1999;34:71–78
- Manual aspiration thrombectomy with a standard PTCA guiding catheter for treatment of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Radiat Med. 2004;22:168–172
- A new treatment for severe pulmonary embolism: percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy. Circulation. 1997;96:2498–2500
- Clinical application of a new rheolytic thrombectomy catheter system for massive pulmonary embolism. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 1999;47:91–96
- . Use of rheolytic thrombectomy in treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14:1511–1515
- . Major pulmonary embolism treated with a rheolytic thrombectomy catheter. Singapore Med J. 2005;46:479–482
- AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy versus local intrapulmonary thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism: a retrospective data analysis. J Endovasc Ther. 2005;12:206–214
- . Percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy for large pulmonary embolism: a promising treatment option. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2007;70:121–128
- Early and long-term clinical results of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:252–258
- . Percutaneous catheter fragmentation and distal dispersion of proximal pulmonary embolus. Lancet. 1991;338:1186–1189
- . Successful treatment of massive pulmonary embolism by combined mechanical and thrombolytic therapy. J Interv Cardiol. 1991;4:63–68
- . Simultaneous mechanical clot fragmentation and pharmacologic thrombolysis in acute massive pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:427–430
- . [Mechanical recanalization and local thrombolysis in a patient with fulminant pulmonary embolism and craniocerebral trauma]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1994;29:446–449
- . Mechanical fragmentation and pharmacologic thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997;8:261–266
- . Massive pulmonary embolism: treatment with thrombus fragmentation and local fibrinolysis with recombinant human-tissue plasminogen activator. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1997;20:364–368
- . Fragmentation of massive pulmonary embolism using a pigtail rotation catheter. Chest. 1998;114:1427–1436
- . Management of pulmonary thrombo-embolism using catheter manipulation: a report of four cases and review of the literature. Postgrad Med J. 1999;75:737–741
- . Percutaneous catheter and guidewire fragmentation with local administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator as a treatment for massive pulmonary embolism. Eur Radiol. 1999;9:959–964
- . Massive pulmonary embolism: percutaneous emergency treatment by pigtail rotation catheter. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:375–380
- . Fragmentation of massive pulmonary embolism by pigtail rotation catheter: possible complication. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:2047–2049
- . Endovascular rotary fragmentation in the treatment of massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Angiol Vasc Surg. 2003;9:31–39
- Treatment of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism: mechanical fragmentation with a modified rotating pigtail catheter, local fibrinolytic therapy, and clot aspiration followed by systemic fibrinolytic therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:589–595
- Mechanical and enzymatic thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(2 pt 1):163–169
- . Massive pulmonary embolism: preliminary results of treatment with the Amplatz thrombectomy device. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1996;7:519–528
- . [Mechanical recanalization of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with the Clotbuster thrombectomy system in a 12-year-old boy]. Z Kardiol. 1998;87:283–287
- Mechanical thrombectomy of major and massive pulmonary embolism with use of the Amplatz thrombectomy device. Invest Radiol. 2001;36:317–322
- . Case report: percutaneous removal of pulmonary artery thrombus in a patient with massive pulmonary embolism using the hydrolyser catheter: the first human experience. Clin Radiol. 1997;52:158–161
- . Massive pulmonary embolism: treatment with the hydrolyser thrombectomy catheter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2000;11:1159–1164
- . Mechanical thrombectomy for early treatment of massive pulmonary embolism. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003;26:246–250
- . Mechanical thrombectomy of massive pulmonary embolism using an Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombolytic device. Eur Radiol. 1998;8:1683–1685
- . Percutaneous pulmonary thrombectomy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997;8:427–432
PII: S0011-3840(08)00126-3
doi: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2008.08.002
« Previous
Current Problems in Surgery
Volume 45, Issue 12
, Pages 844-899
, December 2008
